Poison hemlock may look harmless with its white blooms and fern-like leaves, but experts warn the invasive plant is highly toxic to both humans and livestock.
The plant can grow along roadsides, in pastures, near homes and in other open areas. All parts of poison hemlock are poisonous and can be fatal if eaten. It is especially dangerous for livestock if the plant is cut, dried and accidentally baled into hay.
Landowners should watch for smooth upright stems with purple streaks or blotches, umbrella-shaped clusters of small white flowers and large triangular leaves. Because poison hemlock can resemble other plants, experts recommend contacting a local county Extension agent for help with identification.
Poison hemlock attacks the nervous system in both humans and animals. In people, symptoms can include skin irritation, sweating, vomiting, dizziness, trembling, slowed heartbeat and breathing difficulties. Severe exposure can lead to paralysis or death. Experts warn the toxins can enter the body not only by ingestion, but also through cuts, mucus membranes or by inhaling fumes from burning or disturbing the plant.
Livestock exposed to poison hemlock may experience muscle tremors, excessive salivation, nervousness, loss of coordination, slowed heart and respiration rates, paralysis and death in severe cases. Pregnant animals that consume even small amounts may give birth to offspring with deformities including cleft palate and skeletal abnormalities.
Experts advise against mowing or burning the plant, since toxins may be released into the air. Anyone removing poison hemlock should wear gloves, long sleeves, eye protection and a mask. Plants may be carefully pulled by the root or treated with herbicide, but livestock should be kept away from treated areas.
For ranchers and hay producers, regular pasture checks are important, especially before cutting hay. Poison hemlock can become difficult for animals to detect once dried and mixed into bales.
Anyone who suspects human exposure should seek emergency medical care. Livestock exposure should be reported to a veterinarian as soon as possible.
You can find additional information at Agrilife Today.
