Everyone knows that tobacco products are bad for your health, and even the new e-cigarettes may have harmful toxins. However, according to research at Texas A&M, it turns out the nicotine itselfโwhen given independently from tobaccoโcould help protect the brain as it ages, and even ward off Parkinsonโs or Alzheimerโs disease.
Ursula Winzer-Serhan, PhD, an associate professor at the Texas A&M College of Medicine, and her collaborators found that nicotineโs ability to be neuroprotective may be partly due to its well-known ability to suppress the appetite. Their research is published in the Open Access Journal of Toxicology.
Using animal models, Winzer-Serhan and her collaborators added nicotine to the animalโs drinking water. There were three different groups that received nicotine at three different concentrations (low, medium and high) corresponding to occasional, low and medium smokers, respectively, in addition to a control group that did not receive any nicotine.
The two groups that received nicotine at low and medium doses didnโt show any levels of the drug in their blood and they experienced no changes in food intake, body weight or number of receptors in the brain where nicotine acts. In contrast, the group getting the highest concentration of nicotine ate less, gained less weight and had more receptors, indicating that at higher doses, the drug gets into the brain where it can impact behavior. However, even at high doses, it didnโt seem to have worrying behavioral side effects like making the individuals more anxious, which the researchers were concerned could happen.
โSome people say that nicotine decreases anxiety, which is why people smoke, but others say it increases anxiety,โ Winzer-Serhan said. โThe last thing you would want in a drug that is given chronically would be a negative change in behavior. Luckily, we didnโt find any evidence of anxiety: Only two measures showed any effect even with high levels of nicotine, and if anything, nicotine made animal models less anxious.โ
The next step is to test nicotineโs potential anti-aging effects using aged animal models. Although early results indicate that nicotine can keep older individuals from gaining weight like the control group does, Winzer-Serhan hasnโt yet determined whether this lower body mass index translates into less degeneration of the brain. It is also unclear if nicotineโs effects are related only to its ability to suppress appetite, or if there are more mechanisms at work.
Because there are still so many unknowns, Winzer-Serhan urges caution. โI want to make it very clear that weโre not encouraging people to smoke,โ she said. โEven if these werenโt very preliminary results, smoking results in so many health problems that any possible benefit of the nicotine would be more than cancelled out. However, smoking is only one possible route of administration of the drug, and our work shows that we shouldnโt write-off nicotine completely.โ
Still, Winzer-Serhan cautions people not to purchase nicotine-containing products just yet. โAlthough the results are intriguing, we would need large-scale clinical trials before suggesting anyone change their behavior,โ she said. โAt the end of the day, we havenโt proven that this addictive drug is safeโand it certainly isnโt during childhood or adolescenceโor that the benefits outweigh the potential risks.โ
This article appeared at Texas A&M “Vital Record” at: ย https://vitalrecord.tamhsc.edu/can-nicotine-protect-the-aging-brain/