Hummingbirds are among the most fascinating birds found in Texas. While many people think of them only during spring and fall migration, some hummingbird species can actually be found in parts of Texas throughout the year.
More than 300 species of hummingbirds exist worldwide, but only about 18 are regularly found in the United States. Texas is home to nine commonly observed species, making it one of the best states in the country for hummingbird watching.
These tiny birds may be small, but they have enormous energy needs. Their rapid wingbeats and constant activity require a steady supply of nectar, insects and fresh water. Providing food and habitat can help support hummingbirds whether they are year-round residents or seasonal visitors passing through the state.
Some Hummingbirds Stay in Texas All Year
While many hummingbirds migrate, some species remain in Texas year-round, particularly along the Gulf Coast and in South Texas where winters are relatively mild.
Buff-bellied Hummingbirds are among the species most likely to remain in Texas throughout the year. Other species may occasionally overwinter in different parts of the state, especially during milder winters.
Because hummingbirds can be present during every season, many bird experts recommend leaving feeders out year-round. Keeping feeders available can provide an important food source for resident birds and late-season migrants.
Texas Is a Major Migration Corridor
In addition to year-round residents, Texas serves as one of North America’s most important hummingbird migration routes.
Spring migration begins in South Texas as early as late February and continues through April. Across much of the state, peak migration occurs between mid-March and early May as hummingbirds travel north toward their breeding grounds.
Fall migration generally begins in August and continues through October. During this time, hummingbirds spend much of their day feeding to build energy reserves before making their journey south. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly seen migrant in Texas. Birdwatchers may also spot Black-chinned, Buff-bellied and Rufous hummingbirds depending on the season and location.
For the best chance of attracting migrating hummingbirds, feeders should be placed outside by mid-February in South Texas and by early March across most of the state. Feeders can remain available through late October or throughout the year.
Keep Feeders Clean and Fresh
Whether feeding resident birds or migrants, proper feeder maintenance is important.
To keep feeders safe and attractive:
• Place feeders outside about two weeks before hummingbirds are expected to arrive in your area.
• Replace nectar every two to four days.
• During periods when temperatures exceed 90 degrees, replace nectar daily or every other day.
• Clean feeders thoroughly with white vinegar and water during each refill.
• Avoid using dish soap, which can leave harmful residue.
• Only provide as much nectar as hummingbirds can consume within a few days.
• Place multiple feeders around your yard to reduce competition between birds.
• Select feeders with bright colors, ant moats, bee guards and clear nectar reservoirs.
Homemade Nectar Is Easy to Make
Making hummingbird nectar requires only two ingredients: water and sugar.
Mix four parts water with one part white granulated sugar after bringing the water to a boil. Allow the mixture to cool completely before filling feeders. Extra nectar can be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
Avoid adding red dye or other additives. Brightly colored feeders provide all the attraction hummingbirds need without introducing unnecessary ingredients.
Don’t Forget Fresh Water
Hummingbirds need access to water as well as nectar. Shallow dishes, small fountains and bubbling bird baths can provide places for hummingbirds to drink and bathe. Moving water is especially attractive and may encourage birds to visit more frequently.
Plant Flowers Hummingbirds Love
Native and flowering plants provide natural nectar sources throughout the growing season. Hummingbirds are especially attracted to tubular flowers that fit their long beaks.
Popular hummingbird-friendly plants include:
• Firebush
• Turk’s Cap
• Lantana
• Petunias
• Pride of Barbados
Planting a variety of flowers that bloom at different times throughout the year helps ensure a consistent food source from early spring through fall. Feeders can supplement natural nectar when flowers are not blooming.
Creating a Hummingbird Haven
By combining nectar feeders, fresh water and hummingbird-friendly plants, Texans can create a welcoming habitat for these remarkable birds throughout the year. Whether you’re helping resident hummingbirds survive the winter or providing fuel for migrants on a long journey, a well-maintained backyard can become an important stop for some of Texas’ smallest — and most energetic — visitors. For more information on hummingbirds check out the Audubon website.
