Texas Summers Can Wreak Havoc on Livestock Skin: What Owners Need to Know
While most livestock species have thicker skin than humans, they’re still vulnerable to the intense conditions of Texas summers. Prolonged sun exposure, increased insect activity, and exposure to harmful plants or bacteria can all take a toll, leading to painful and potentially dangerous skin conditions. Each year, the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) receives samples showing just how much summer heat and humidity can affect livestock health. Early intervention is key to preventing minor skin issues from escalating into serious harm. Accurate diagnostics, combined with veterinary care, play a crucial role in safeguarding both animal welfare and producers’ livelihoods.
TVMDL veterinary pathologist Dr. Erin Edwards identifies three common summer skin conditions livestock owners should watch for:
Photosensitization: Sun-Induced Skin Damage from Toxic Plants
Photosensitization is a condition that results in severe sunburn-like symptoms due to the presence of light-sensitive toxins in the skin. These toxins can build up after animals consume certain plants, such as Bishop’s weed or Largeleaf lantana. Light-colored animals, or those with less hair on areas like the nose and around the eyes, are often more susceptible. There are two types of photosensitization: primary and secondary. Primary photosensitization happens when animals ingest plants that contain photosensitizing compounds. Secondary photosensitization, the more common form, results from liver damage. When the liver fails to break down toxins properly, substances like phylloerythrin accumulate in the bloodstream, increasing the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight.
In advanced cases, tissue on the ears, lips, and udders may slough off, often followed by bacterial infections that complicate healing. If toxic plants remain in the animal’s diet, liver damage can progress and lead to death. Livestock showing signs of sunburn or peeling skin should be moved to a shaded area immediately. A veterinarian should be contacted to confirm diagnosis and start treatment. Removal of phototoxic and liver-damaging plants from pastures is also recommended. For plant identification, livestock owners can refer to Toxic Plants of Texas, a resource developed by The Texas A&M University System.
Rain Rot: Bacterial Skin Infections After Wet Weather
Rain rot is caused by the bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis and typically occurs when livestock are exposed to extended periods of wet conditions. Moisture softens the skin and allows bacteria to enter, even in the absence of visible cuts or abrasions. This condition often starts with minor signs like crusty hair or hair loss along the back or feet. Without treatment, it can progress into more serious skin irritation, open sores, and even systemic infections. Animals affected by rain rot may develop raw, bleeding skin and experience discomfort. Veterinary attention is essential to control the infection, prevent complications, and ease the animal’s discomfort.
Summer Sores: Open Wounds Caused by Fly-Borne Parasites
Summer sores, medically referred to as cutaneous habronemiasis, are open wounds that fail to heal due to infection with parasitic larvae transmitted by houseflies or stable flies. The larvae of the Habronema worm enter through the bite and trigger an inflammatory response in the skin. While horses, donkeys, and mules are most commonly affected, other livestock can also be vulnerable. Sores are often located around moist areas of the body such as the eyes, lips, or existing wounds, and are marked by intense itching and swelling. Left untreated, these sores can enlarge and become extremely painful, reducing mobility and overall health. Controlling flies around barns and pastures, as well as prompt veterinary care, are essential for preventing and managing this condition.
Prevention and Partnering with Veterinary Experts
Maintaining healthy skin in livestock during the summer months is essential for their overall well-being and productivity. By monitoring animals closely, removing harmful plants, and working with veterinary professionals, livestock owners can address skin problems early and avoid costly complications.
TVMDL provides essential support through accurate diagnostic testing and works closely with veterinarians to identify and treat a range of animal health conditions. For more information about TVMDL’s services, visit their website or call their College Station laboratory at 888-646-5623 or their Canyon laboratory at 888-646-5624.
